Showing posts with label Schools. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Schools. Show all posts

22 January 2019

Recollections of school days past

The Primary Years

As the youngest of seven children I was very keen to attend school with my older siblings. We had often “played” schools at home and I was familiar with the grounds of the local primary school. Accompanied by several siblings, I walked about 520 metres from the farm house out to the Main North Road where the school bus, which had come from Hamley Bridge, collected us. Some children were bound for the primary school in Tarlee and others stayed on for the trip up to the secondary school in Riverton.

Tarlee Primary School 1955
Photo courtesy Riverton Local History & Family Research Centre
In South Australia in the mid 1950s when my school years commenced, children attended from the beginning of the year after they had turned five. The Tarlee school which had been established in 1876 had been replaced with a new building in 1922, by 1956 it had certainly seen better days.
In this building there were two classrooms. The youngest students from Grades 1 - 3 were taught by Miss Dora Thomas and the older group Grades 4 -7 by Mr Reg Yelland. At the time I attended there were about 52 students split between the two classrooms.
My 1959 Grade 4 report shows that we were tested on Reading, Dictation, Composition, Oral Arithmetic, Written Arithmetic, Writing, English, History and Geography.




Wednesday afternoons were devoted to art and crafts, a well remembered one being the cushions we stitched from hessian sugar sacks.

Friday afternoons were time for sport. Vigoro was a popular game as both boys and girls could participate. During recess and lunch breaks we played All Over Red Rover, Brandy, Hopscotch and Marbles along with lots of Chasey.

A new school


By 1960, Catholic school students were allowed to travel on the government provided school buses and so with my sister Marie, I now took the longer journey to Riverton.  There we were enrolled in the Catholic primary school run by the Sisters of Mercy.

The bus on which we had previously only travelled as far as Tarlee, now dropped us at the corner of Horner Street in Riverton and we trudged up the hill come rain or shine to the convent. This was also a two teacher school.

Under Sister Mary Celine’s tutelage we now added piano lessons to our classes. The nuns lived in the house that had formerly been the doctor's residence and it was in a small room there that we took piano lessons.

Classes were small with just 10 students in my final year 7. With extra help from the nuns I was encouraged to sit for the Catholic scholarship exams at the end of primary school. This led to my parents receiving offers of a boarding scholarship to a couple of Catholic schools in Adelaide.

As four of my five elder sisters had attended Cabra Convent at Clovelly Park in previous years this was now my destination.

High School years


Kitted out in hand-me-down uniforms all proudly sewn with my new Cash's name tags, my five year boarding school adventure began in February of 1963. 

For a farm raised child this certainly was an eye opener. Suddenly I was in a class of 51 students all in one room rather than 51 in the whole school. Cabra had about 90 - 100 boarders in the years I attended. Most of these girls were from the countryside so soon firm friendships were established. 

Our days were marked by unvarying routine. The nun ringing the first bell walked through the dormitories clanging with vigour at 6.30 am as boarders were encouraged to attend morning Mass. For those who chose not to attend, a second bell at 7 am signalled time to rise. Silence was to be maintained until all had assembled in the refectory downstairs and grace was said before breakfast. 

My mother had always warmed milk for breakfast cereal so the shock of cold milk in huge jugs alongside giant pots of brewed tea was new to me. Marmalade and Vegemite were supplied for the usually cold toast but any other condiments had to be brought from home.

Each term we were allocated to a new table for meals. At each table there was a mixture of girls from all grades. This was an effective method of ensuring that the boarders all got to know each other throughout the year. Rosters for cleaning tables and scullery duty usually resulted in one duty a term in the ten week, three term regime of the time.

The stairs leading up to dormitories at Cabra Convent c1966.
After breakfast there was a quick rush upstairs to make beds, clean teeth, pass dormitory inspection and prepare for the day ahead. .At 8.30 am the dormitories were locked for the day and we proceeded to join the day scrags (students) for classes. Dinner, which was lunch time, was sometimes a roast with one potato and one piece of pumpkin along with swathes of tinned green peas or beans. The smell of corned beef and cabbage were common. Neither of those foods have graced my table in the years since boarding school.

Sinker, damper, stodge, no matter what we called it, cake of some sort or other was provided for afternoon tea at the end of the school day. Hungry girls can consume even the most unappetising of foods.

Tea at 6 pm after an hour of supervised study was bread, bread and more bread  - always white of course. There was often tinned spaghetti or baked beans and any other foods were not memorable. A Sunday night treat was fried fritz, a uniquely named South Australian processed meat. (In other locations known as devon, polony, luncheon meat or Windsor sausage)

I remember competitions to see who could eat the most slices of bread. Sometimes 10 pieces were managed if one was really hungry! We stored our own food in a locker room under the rickety stairs but this was mostly discouraged because of the risk of vermin. Milo, homemade treats, honey and cakes after exeat weekends were favoured goodies. 

There was brief respite in the dormitories between the evening meal and second study. During this time most girls took baths or showers. Second study at 7.15 pm in the classrooms immediately below the dormitories finished at different intervals about 15 minutes apart depending on grade level. The senior years studied until 9.15 with lights out by 10.

Saturday morning was cleaning and laundry time. Beds were stripped and remade, laundry sorted and bundled and the previous week’s washing returned. Thorough inspection of cupboards and cubicles was carried out on Saturday mornings and this was the day of the week that many washed their hair. 

Each term Mum would supply a tube of toothpaste and a bar of soap to be kept in one’s sponge bag as it was known. Any additional needs had to be purchased from my 10 shillings a term allowance. The nuns controlled the allowances and on Saturday mornings one could withdraw cash needed provided an explanation of expenditure was given. Some girls had large allowances and spent freely at the tuckshop but I learnt to guard those Saturday morning sixpences carefully.

Classes were sorted into three streams and I advanced through the academic stream for five years with conscientious study but unspectacular results. My years at boarding school were largely carefree and happy providing strong friendships and building good study habits in a supportive atmosphere. 

In my final year at a Boarders' Social I met my future husband. We have now been married for 47 years. I have much to be grateful for.

This post first appeared on earlieryears.blogspot.com by CRGalvin

27 May 2018

Tiny cards, lots of memories

School day memorabilia

Twelve 4cm x 7 cm holy cards dated 1963 -1967
How many memories can be stored in a 4cm x 7cm space? 

Nowadays our digital memory cards are a fraction of this size and can store megabytes of information but fifty years ago these tiny four cm by seven cm holy cards were used to express friendship and share memories.

Today while sorting through a “Do not discard” box of correspondence I had labelled years ago, I unearthed more than thirty of these small treasures from my school days. It is fifty years since I left secondary school and recently I set up a Facebook group for our graduating class to help celebrate that event. Twenty eight of that cohort of fifty four are members of the group and many have contributed their photos and memories from times past. I was not able to attend the physical reunion in January but have enjoyed managing the virtual reunion.

We’ve shared sports programs, photos from a variety of events as well as newspaper clippings and other memorabilia such as exam papers, invitations and awards. Memories shared via Facebook were also shared in a folder over at Box for those class members not on Facebook. There are currently 91 files in that folder and today I’ll be adding another four including these scans. These were difficult to line up on the scanner bed and just too many to scan individually, so apologies for rather haphazard angles.

The cards were very popular amongst the boarders particularly for birthdays, end of term and end of year. Each term we were allocated to a new table in the dining hall so the 85 -100 boarders got to know each and every person in the boarding house no matter the grade level. (numbers varied through the years) Some cards comment on sharing tables, sharing study spaces or being accommodated in the same dormitories. Boarders "free weekends," known in other places as exit weekends, were occasions when one could return home. These occasions were sometimes a source of card comments.

What a treasure trove of school day memories, so glad I labelled that box "do not discard" all those years ago.
Twelve 4cm x 7 cm holy cards dated 1963 -1967 reverse side of those above

This post first appeared at https://earlieryears.blogspot.com/2018/05/tiny-cards-lots-of-memories.html  written by CRGalvin

8 December 2015

Linwood, Stockport, Tarlee, Pinkerton Plains

Rural schools in South Australia in my grandparents' times

Schools established early in the life of the colony of South Australia were funded by the ability of parents to pay for tuition and provide a suitable teacher and building. An application for a licence to teach in schools could be submitted to the Board of Education which had been established in 1847. The Act made it clear that it was incumbent on the local community who:
 are desirous to place such children under the tuition of a teacher to be named by them, with their residences and a description of the place where the school is proposed to be kept, and it shall also be certified by at least one Justice of the Peace, that he knows the residences of such persons to be as stated by them, that such teacher is known to him as a person of moral habits, and every way fit to undertake the care and instruction of children, and that proper accommodation has been provided for the said school....
The teacher appointed could be paid up to twenty pounds per annum for the first twenty pupils, and an extra one pound per pupil up to forty pounds. As settlement expanded many small schools were established with applications for licences regularly listed in the newspapers. By 1850 there were 65 schools receiving government aid. Licences were withdrawn if the teacher did not meet expectations.

The difficulty of maintaining enrolments and finding a suitable person to conduct the school led to this application in 1870. (3)
From; Annie Roe, Bethel, informing the Board that Linwood School was vacant, and stating that the inhabitants were willing to allow her to conduct the two schools at Linwood and Bethel.  To take the school, subject to the Inspector's report.
By this time John Horgan and his wife Honora O'Leary, (paternal great grandparents) were living on the farm at Linwood between these two schools and they had two small boys. Thomas Horgan b. 1867 and Andrew Joseph Horgan born 1869 soon to be followed by Catherine Mary Horgan b 1872, John Horgan b.1875, Johanna Horgan b 1877 and Nora Mary Horgan b.1878




Over at Pinkerton Plains, John O'Dea and his wife Maria Crowley (maternal great grandparents) were raising their family Margaret I O'Dea, b. 1866, Hannah Teresa O'Dea b. 1869 and soon to be followed by John Francis Benedict O'Dea b. 1870, Mary Anne O'Dea b.  1875, Patrick Joseph O'Dea b. 1877 and Michael James b. 1881
Here Elizabeth M. W. Dennis, of Pinkerton Plains school had stated (3):
 that there were few children attending her school, as most of  them were detained to assist in harvesting. There were 33 names on the roll, but although the parents had promised to send their children she could not say they had all attended as yet. She believed they intended to fulfil their promise as soon as possible. Forms to be supplied, and school to be inspected
So did my grandfathers attend either of these schools? As far as I have been able to ascertain at this stage, no registers of pupils for these schools in the relevant time periods are available through the archives.

Access to schools was not only limited by financial means but the vagaries of the seasons, the farm work needing to be done and the state of the roads all played a part. In 1875 an act was passed to ensure free, compulsory education for all children.

In 1882 John Horgan was once again appealing to the local board of main roads for the remediation work needed on a ditch on the main road near his property. Was it safe for his children to cross? Road conditions were always and indeed continue to be an issue for authorities. (4)

This report of a school visitation in 1883, gives us a brief glance at three of the local schools. (5)

1883
School Visitation.—A visit of inspection was made on Friday, the 8th inst., by the Chairman of the Local Board of Advice (Mr. W. Lewis, J.P.), and Messrs. Cameron and Mellor, J.P.'s, to the following district schools, viz:
Linwood (J. Callier, master)—There were 14 boys and 9 girls present, the number on the roll being 16 boys and 13 girls, the average attendance for the month ending May 31st being 22. The classes were briefly examined in reading, spelling, grammar, arithmetic, geography, &c. The children were cleanly in appearance and well-behaved. The school premises are in a fair state of repair and clean.
 Stockport School (Mrs. Myles, head-mistress)—There were 17 boys and 19 girls present, the age of the youngest being 5 and the eldest 12 years. The general average attendance at this school is 40, but for the month ending the 30th ult. the average did not exceed 33½, which was no doubt owing to the many wet days during May. The children, who were examined in reading, spelling,meaning of words, writing, and geography, were attentive and moderately proficient, taking into account their extreme youth, and the fact of so few being in the third and fourth classes. The members present are of opinion that for a place like Stockport a male teacher might be the means of bringing to the school older children, especially boys. The school premises are in fair repair, excepting the fence, which it was decided should be repaired. 

Tarlee School (J. Latter, head master).—The number on the roll in this school is 41, the average attendance for last month being only 27½, but doubtless the low average resulted from the same cause as at Stockport. The youngest child attending school is 5 and the eldest 13½ years old. The children were examined in several branches; the writing on their slates from dictation was exceedingly good both as regards the writing and spelling and called forth the commendation of the visitors. The want of shed accommodation here as at other schools is greatly felt, and sundry small matters of repairs were noted down.
By June of 1883 John Horgan, father of Andrew and husband of Hanora had died age 48. At 43 she was left to struggle on the farm, a widow with 6 children the eldest of whom was 16 and the youngest 5.

At this stage I have no means of determining which schools my grandfathers may have attended. Nora Mary Horgan, Andrew's sister went on to become a school mistress so education was valued and Andrew may have spent some time studying to become a priest some years before his marriage in 1906. In later years Andrew's grandchildren attended the schools at both Stockport and Tarlee, and nine of his great grandchildren attended Tarlee. We have much to be grateful for when reflecting on those early schools and teachers who led the way and a free compulsory government supported system, education for all.

1. Comments on Education: Education in Early South Australia
(Taken from Geoffrey H. Manning's A Colonial Experience) viewed 8 December, 2015, http://www.slsa.sa.gov.au/manning/sa/edu/comments.htm

2. 1847 'ACTS PASSED DURING THE PRESENT SESSION.',South Australian (Adelaide, SA : 1844 - 1851), 21 September, p. 4, viewed 8 December, 2015, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article71609439

3. 1870 'BOARD OF EDUCATION.', The Express and Telegraph (Adelaide, SA : 1867 - 1922), 22 February, p. 3 Edition: SECOND EDITION., viewed 8 December, 2015, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article207719071

4. 1882 'LOCAL BOARD OF MAIN ROADS. CENTRAL DISTRICT.', The South Australian Advertiser (Adelaide, SA : 1858 - 1889), 21 April, p. 7, viewed 8 December, 2015, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article73200943

5. 1883 'MUSIC IN KAPUNDA.', Kapunda Herald (SA : 1878 - 1951), 12 June, p. 2, viewed 5 December, 2015, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article106575591